The purpose of this study was to model and optimize the Offline Refinement operations of sugarcane harvester Hydraulic Oil using RSM. For this purpose, the effects of independent variables of operating hours (250, 500 and 750 hours), Twin Dip Filter Mesh (7, 9 and 11 microns) and Hydraulic Oil refining times (0, 1 and 2) on variables of water contamination, uncleanness level (NAS), silicon (Si), viscosity (Vis) and Oil acid number (TAN) were evaluated. The results indicated that all models were suitable for water contamination, uncleanness level (NAS), silicon (Si), viscosity (Vis) and Oil acid number (TAN) for describing experimental data. In addition, the desirability function showed that the optimum conditions for the Offline Refinement operations of the Hydraulic Oil of the sugar cane harvester included 728. 61 operating hours, the 7-micron filter mesh, and the two refining times of the Oil. Under this condition, the amount of water contamination, the uncleanness level (particles 5 to 15 micrometers), Vis, Si, and TAN were equal to 187. 63 ppm, 234000, 5. 91 ppm, 66. 34 centistokes and 0. 65 (mg KOH g-1), respectively.

Improvement of quality and life of the working Hydraulic Oil is very important in preventing the subsequent defects. This improvement leads not only to the defect prevention but also to the pollution reduction. The machinery accessibility can be increased by the Offline filtration. In the present work, the data of the Hydraulic Oil consumption of dump truck and Shovel are obtained to investigate the feasibility and requirement of the Offline filtration. The results of Oil analysis have been investigated for this aim. The standard codes were appropriated to the Oil contamination data to be analyzed. Results showed that the Oil contamination level is high during the normal working life which is an indication of improper online filtration. It requires the more efficient additional Offline filtration beside the online ones. The Offline filtration requirements have been evaluated according to the Hydraulic system specifications.         .

Hydraulic fracturing is a widely used and efficient technique for enhancing Oil extraction from heavy Oil sands deposits. Application of this technique has been extended from cemented rocks to uncemented materials, such as Oil sands. Models, which have originally been developed for analyzing Hydraulic fracturing in rocks, are in general not satisfactory for Oil sands. This is due to a high leak-off in Oil sands, which causes the mechanism of Hydraulic fracturing to be different from that for rocks. A thermal hydro-mechanical fracture finite element model is developed, which is able to simulate Hydraulic fracturing under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Plane strain or axisymmetric Hydraulic fracture problems can be simulated by this model and various boundary conditions, such as specified pore pressure/fluid flux, specified temperature/heat flux, and specified loads/traction, can be modeled. The developed model has been verified by comparing its results to existing analytical and numerical solutions for thermoelastic consolidation problems. The model has been used to simulate a laboratory experiment of Hydraulic fracture propagation in Oil sands. The results from the numerical model are in agreement with experimental observations. The numerical model and laboratory experiments both indicate that, for uncemented porous materials, such as sands (as opposed to rocks), a single planar fracture is unlikely to occur and a system of multiple fractures or a fracture zone consisting of interconnected tiny cracks should be expected.